A fire risk assessment is a systematic evaluation of your premises to identify potential fire hazards, determine who might be at risk, and establish appropriate measures to reduce or eliminate those risks. It examines ignition sources, fuel sources, structural features, escape routes, and existing fire safety measures to ensure the safety of everyone who uses the building.

Under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, the "responsible person" must ensure a fire risk assessment is conducted. This is typically the employer, building owner, landlord, or occupier who has control of the premises. While you can conduct the assessment yourself if you're competent to do so, many businesses choose to appoint a qualified fire risk assessor to ensure thoroughness and compliance.

There's no fixed legal timeframe, but assessments should be reviewed regularly and updated whenever there are significant changes to the premises, such as structural alterations, changes in use, new equipment, or after a fire or near-miss incident. As a general guideline, most businesses review their assessment annually, though higher-risk premises may require more frequent reviews.

Failing to conduct a fire risk assessment is a criminal offence. Enforcement officers from your local fire and rescue service can issue enforcement notices, prohibition notices (potentially closing your premises), or prosecute. Penalties can include substantial fines and, in serious cases, imprisonment. Beyond legal consequences, you're putting lives at genuine risk.

A comprehensive assessment should identify fire hazards, evaluate who is at risk and how, record significant findings and actions taken, prepare an emergency plan, and provide information and training to staff. It should cover detection and warning systems, firefighting equipment, escape routes, signage, lighting, and maintenance arrangements.